P2WSH
P2WSH stands for "Pay to Witness Script Hash". It's a native Segwit version of a P2SH which allows for more complex conditions on how Bitcoins can be spent.
P2WSH is a more efficient approach for handling complex Bitcoin transactions compared to P2SH. It's an integral part of the Segregated Witness (SegWit) upgrade. In P2WSH transactions, the script's witness data — which includes things like digital signatures and the actual script conditions — is segregated from the main transaction data. This separation significantly reduces the size of the transaction, allowing more transactions to be included in a single block on the Bitcoin blockchain. This not only improves the network's overall capacity but also addresses the transaction malleability issue, enhancing the security and reliability of multi-signature and other complex transaction types.
Transaction malleability is an issue where it's possible for someone to make small modifications to a transaction that don't affect its essence (i.e., sender, receiver, amount of Bitcoins transferred) but change the transaction's ID. This could cause confusion and problems with the tracking and confirmation of transactions.
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